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United States

Legislation & Courts

  • Bills and roll-call votes in Congress
  • How far apart the parties vote
  • Every Supreme Court decision since 1946
  • Presidential executive orders

Bills synced 13 days ago · Roll-call votes synced 12 days ago (last run failed)

How far apart the parties vote

Republican average minus Democratic average ideology score, per Congress

  • House
  • Senate
00.250.50.7511977198519932001200920172025

Source: Voteview DW-NOMINATE

Roll calls decided on party lines

82.0%

61 roll calls · May 5, 2025 – Dec 18, 2025

Ideological gap between the parties, House

0.91

119th Congress

▲ +58.8% vs 95th Congress (1977)

Executive orders this term

290

Donald Trump (2nd term) · since Jan 20, 2025

Supreme Court decisions

64

2024 term

Decided unanimously

43.8%

2024 term · 44.2% over the last 10 terms

Decided 5–4

12.5%

2024 term · 13.1% over the last 10 terms

Congress

A roll call is a recorded vote where every member's position is listed. It counts as a party-line vote when most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides.

Recent roll-call votes

Yeas and nays by party · bar filled = share voting yea

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 362Party line

    On PassagePassed

    D4–201
    R207–0

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 361Party line

    On Motion to RecommitFailed

    D204–0
    R0–208

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 360Party line

    On PassagePassed

    D5–200
    R202–4

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 359Party line

    On Motion to RecommitFailed

    D204–1
    R0–208

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 358Party line

    On PassagePassed

    D9–197
    R206–1

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 357Party line

    On Motion to RecommitFailed

    D205–1
    R0–208

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 356Party line

    On PassagePassed

    D11–195
    R206–1

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 355Party line

    On Motion to RecommitFailed

    D206–1
    R0–206

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 354Party line

    On Agreeing to the AmendmentFailed

    D1–209
    R200–7

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 353Party line

    On Agreeing to the AmendmentFailed

    D1–209
    R203–5

  • Dec 18, 2025 · House roll call 352Party line

    On Agreeing to the AmendmentFailed

    D2–209
    R201–9

  • Dec 17, 2025 · House roll call 351Party line

    On PassagePassed

    D3–207
    R209–4

Source: Congress.gov roll-call votes

Latest bills

10 bills tracked

All bills →Compare two members' votes

Source: Congress.gov

Polarization

DW-NOMINATE places every member of Congress on a scale from −1 (most liberal) to +1 (most conservative), estimated from their whole roll-call record. The distance between the two parties' averages is the standard measure of how polarized Congress is.

House: party averages

Mean ideology score per Congress

  • Democrats
  • Republicans
-0.5-0.2500.250.50.751977198519932001200920172025-0.390.52

Source: Voteview DW-NOMINATE

Senate: party averages

Mean ideology score per Congress

  • Democrats
  • Republicans
-0.5-0.2500.250.50.751977198519932001200920172025-0.370.56

Source: Voteview DW-NOMINATE

Where members sit, 119th Congress

Members by ideology score, House and Senate

House

−1.0 · most liberal0most conservative · +1.0

Senate

−1.0 · most liberal0most conservative · +1.0
  • Democrats
  • Republicans
  • Independents

Source: Voteview DW-NOMINATE

Supreme Court

Every decision since the 1946 term. Outcome direction follows the Supreme Court Database's coding: for example, a ruling for a criminal defendant, a civil-rights claimant, or a union is coded liberal; the reverse is coded conservative.

How the Court divides

Decisions per term by vote margin

  • Unanimous
  • Divided, not 5–4
  • 5–4
0501001502001946195819701982199420062018

Source: The Supreme Court Database

Conservative outcomes

Share of decisions with a conservative outcome, per term

020406080194619581970198219942006201849.2%

Source: The Supreme Court Database

The current justices

Share of each justice's votes in the conservative direction, whole tenure

  1. Clarence Thomas67.8%
  2. Samuel Alito65.7%
  3. Amy Coney Barrett59.9%
  4. Neil Gorsuch59.3%
  5. Brett Kavanaugh59.3%
  6. John Roberts58.1%
  7. Elena Kagan38.1%
  8. Sonia Sotomayor35.4%
  9. Ketanji Brown Jackson32.4%

Source: The Supreme Court Database

What the Court decides

Decisions by issue area · 2015–2024 terms

  1. Economic Activity156
  2. Criminal Procedure152
  3. Civil Rights113
  4. Judicial Power88
  5. First Amendment40
  6. Due Process25
  7. Unions20
  8. Federalism20
  9. Privacy10
  10. Interstate Relations10

Source: The Supreme Court Database

Latest decisions

Through the 2024 term

Jun 30, 2025GOLDEY v. FIELDS606 U.S. 942Economic Activityconservative9–0
Jun 27, 2025FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION v. CONSUMERS' RESEARCHEconomic Activityliberal6–3
Jun 27, 2025FREE SPEECH COALITION v. PAXTONFirst Amendmentconservative6–3
Jun 27, 2025KENNEDY v. BRAIDWOOD MANAGEMENTEconomic Activityliberal6–3
Jun 27, 2025MAHMOUD v. TAYLORFirst Amendmentconservative6–3
Jun 27, 2025TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES v. CASA, INC.Judicial Powerconservative6–3
Jun 26, 2025GUTIERREZ v. SAENZDue Processliberal6–3
Jun 26, 2025HEWITT v. UNITED STATESCriminal Procedureliberal5–4
Jun 26, 2025MEDINA v. PLANNED PARENTHOOD SOUTH ATLANTICCivil Rightsconservative6–3
Jun 26, 2025RILEY v. BONDICivil Rightsconservative5–4
Jun 20, 2025DIAMOND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY LLC v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYJudicial Powerliberal7–2
Jun 20, 2025ESTERAS v. UNITED STATESCriminal Procedureliberal7–2

Source: The Supreme Court Database

Executive orders

Executive orders direct how federal agencies carry out the law. They are numbered and published in the Federal Register; a later president can revoke them.

Executive orders per year

By signing date, 1994 onward (the Federal Register's online record)

01002003001994199920042009201420192024BushObamaTrumpBidenTrump

Source: Federal Register

Orders by president

Hover a bar for the yearly rate

  1. William J. Clinton310
  2. George W. Bush294
  3. Barack Obama294
  4. Donald Trump (1st term)221
  5. Joseph R. Biden Jr.162
  6. Donald Trump (2nd term)290

Source: Federal Register

Latest executive orders

Source: Federal Register

Sources

Every figure on this page comes from the datasets below.