United States
Demographic outlook
How America's population differs by place and how it may change. Past values are Census population estimates or survey estimates; values after the latest estimate are projections, shown as a range across scenarios. Each measure is published for different geographies: age, sex, and race go down to large cities, religion and sexual orientation to states.
Language, education, and income
What languages Americans speak at home, how much schooling they have, what households earn, and how many live in cities.
Speak only English at home
77.0%
9.0% speak English less than very well
2024
Bachelor's degree or more
36.9%
People 25 and over
2024
Median household income
$81.6K
12.2% below the poverty line
2024
Living in urban areas
80.0%
Decennial census
2020
Language spoken at home
Share of people 5 and over
- Spanish
- Another language
- Speak English less than very well
Source: American Community Survey 1-year
Educational attainment
Share of people 25 and over
- High school or more
- Bachelor's degree or more
Source: American Community Survey 1-year
Median household income
Nominal dollars of each year
Source: American Community Survey 1-year
Poverty
Share of people below the poverty line
Source: American Community Survey 1-year
Urban and rural population
People · 2000, 2010, 2020 censuses (urban definition changed in 2020)
- Urban
- Rural
Source: Decennial census
Across the states
Speak only English at home
2024 · American Community Survey 1-year
People 5 and over.
- 54.7% – 74.1%
- 74.1% – 78.2%
- 78.2% – 84.6%
- 84.6% – 88.0%
- 88.0% – 91.0%
- 91.0% – 93.0%
- 93.0% – 97.2%
Shades split states into sevenths by rank.
View and sort the full state data table
| 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia | 97.2% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.9% | 90.1% | 24.4% | $60,798 | 16.7% | 44.7% |
| Montana | 95.6% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 0.8% | 94.6% | 36.3% | $75,340 | 10.2% | 53.4% |
| Mississippi | 95.4% | 2.9% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 88.0% | 27.0% | $59,127 | 17.8% | 46.3% |
| Vermont | 94.2% | 1.4% | 4.4% | 1.5% | 94.7% | 45.1% | $82,730 | 9.0% | 35.1% |
| Maine | 93.7% | 1.2% | 5.1% | 1.7% | 94.8% | 37.1% | $76,442 | 10.6% | 38.6% |
| Wyoming | 93.6% | 4.3% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 94.4% | 32.3% | $75,532 | 10.1% | 62.0% |
| Alabama | 93.6% | 4.0% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 89.6% | 29.9% | $66,659 | 15.2% | 57.7% |
| North Dakota | 93.0% | 2.8% | 4.2% | 2.1% | 94.2% | 34.0% | $77,871 | 11.1% | 61.0% |
| South Dakota | 93.0% | 2.8% | 4.2% | 2.6% | 94.0% | 34.2% | $76,881 | 10.4% | 57.2% |
| Missouri | 92.6% | 3.1% | 4.3% | 2.5% | 92.0% | 33.5% | $71,589 | 12.3% | 69.5% |
| Kentucky | 92.5% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 89.0% | 27.9% | $64,526 | 15.6% | 58.7% |
| New Hampshire | 91.9% | 2.7% | 5.4% | 2.4% | 95.1% | 41.5% | $99,782 | 7.2% | 58.3% |
| Ohio | 91.3% | 2.9% | 5.8% | 3.2% | 92.2% | 32.4% | $72,212 | 12.7% | 76.3% |
| Arkansas | 91.2% | 6.6% | 2.3% | 3.9% | 89.3% | 27.1% | $62,106 | 15.5% | 55.5% |
| Louisiana | 91.1% | 5.2% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 88.2% | 27.8% | $60,986 | 18.7% | 71.5% |
| South Carolina | 91.0% | 5.5% | 3.6% | 3.5% | 91.0% | 33.3% | $72,350 | 13.3% | 68.0% |
| Tennessee | 90.7% | 5.8% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 90.6% | 32.4% | $71,997 | 13.5% | 66.2% |
| Wisconsin | 90.4% | 5.3% | 4.4% | 3.4% | 93.7% | 34.6% | $77,488 | 10.3% | 67.1% |
| Iowa | 90.3% | 4.8% | 4.8% | 4.0% | 93.0% | 32.1% | $75,501 | 11.3% | 63.2% |
| Michigan | 88.9% | 3.4% | 7.7% | 4.0% | 92.2% | 33.3% | $72,389 | 13.5% | 73.5% |
| Indiana | 88.8% | 5.9% | 5.4% | 4.4% | 90.6% | 30.7% | $71,959 | 12.2% | 71.2% |
| Idaho | 88.6% | 8.3% | 3.1% | 3.9% | 92.5% | 33.0% | $81,166 | 10.5% | 69.2% |
| Oklahoma | 88.0% | 8.4% | 3.6% | 4.6% | 90.2% | 29.3% | $66,148 | 14.9% | 64.6% |
| Kansas | 87.4% | 8.4% | 4.2% | 5.1% | 92.0% | 36.1% | $75,514 | 10.9% | 72.3% |
| Pennsylvania | 86.9% | 6.0% | 7.1% | 5.2% | 92.4% | 36.4% | $77,545 | 11.6% | 76.5% |
| Minnesota | 86.9% | 4.5% | 8.6% | 4.9% | 94.2% | 40.0% | $87,117 | 9.3% | 71.9% |
| Nebraska | 86.0% | 9.3% | 4.7% | 6.4% | 92.7% | 35.4% | $76,376 | 10.9% | 73.0% |
| Alaska | 85.9% | 3.1% | 11.1% | 4.1% | 93.4% | 32.8% | $95,665 | 10.2% | 64.9% |
| North Carolina | 85.7% | 9.2% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 90.9% | 37.1% | $73,958 | 12.6% | 66.7% |
| Oregon | 84.6% | 9.2% | 6.2% | 5.8% | 92.3% | 37.8% | $85,220 | 11.8% | 80.5% |
| Delaware | 83.8% | 8.0% | 8.2% | 5.6% | 91.8% | 36.0% | $87,534 | 9.6% | 82.6% |
| Georgia | 83.7% | 9.2% | 7.1% | 6.0% | 89.8% | 36.3% | $79,991 | 12.6% | 74.1% |
| Utah | 83.5% | 11.6% | 5.0% | 6.2% | 93.6% | 39.1% | $96,658 | 8.3% | 89.8% |
| Colorado | 83.3% | 11.3% | 5.4% | 5.7% | 93.2% | 47.8% | $97,113 | 9.6% | 86.0% |
| Virginia | 81.8% | 8.2% | 10.0% | 6.5% | 91.7% | 43.3% | $92,090 | 9.8% | 75.6% |
| District of Columbia | 78.7% | 9.3% | 12.0% | 6.8% | 92.0% | 65.5% | $109,707 | 17.3% | 100.0% |
| Maryland | 78.2% | 10.1% | 11.7% | 8.3% | 91.4% | 44.7% | $102,905 | 9.1% | 85.6% |
| Washington | 77.7% | 9.1% | 13.2% | 8.1% | 92.3% | 41.0% | $99,389 | 9.9% | 83.4% |
| Rhode Island | 76.4% | 14.2% | 9.4% | 10.6% | 90.4% | 39.0% | $83,504 | 12.2% | 91.1% |
| Connecticut | 76.3% | 13.0% | 10.8% | 9.0% | 91.8% | 42.6% | $96,049 | 10.2% | 86.3% |
| Illinois | 75.5% | 14.1% | 10.4% | 9.3% | 90.7% | 39.2% | $83,211 | 11.6% | 86.9% |
| Hawaii | 74.9% | 2.3% | 22.9% | 10.7% | 93.7% | 37.8% | $100,745 | 10.0% | 86.1% |
| Massachusetts | 74.2% | 9.9% | 16.0% | 10.4% | 91.4% | 48.3% | $104,828 | 9.7% | 91.3% |
| Arizona | 74.1% | 19.1% | 6.8% | 8.5% | 89.7% | 34.7% | $81,486 | 11.7% | 89.3% |
| Nevada | 69.0% | 20.9% | 10.1% | 11.8% | 87.7% | 28.5% | $81,134 | 11.6% | 94.1% |
| New Mexico | 68.7% | 24.8% | 6.5% | 9.8% | 87.9% | 31.8% | $67,816 | 16.4% | 74.6% |
| New York | 68.4% | 15.0% | 16.6% | 14.4% | 88.0% | 41.2% | $85,820 | 14.0% | 87.5% |
| Florida | 68.0% | 23.4% | 8.6% | 13.6% | 90.4% | 35.8% | $77,735 | 12.1% | 91.5% |
| New Jersey | 65.7% | 17.9% | 16.5% | 13.9% | 90.4% | 44.6% | $104,294 | 9.2% | 93.8% |
| Texas | 64.3% | 28.2% | 7.5% | 13.2% | 86.7% | 35.2% | $79,721 | 13.4% | 83.7% |
| California | 54.7% | 28.8% | 16.6% | 17.9% | 84.9% | 38.1% | $100,149 | 11.8% | 94.2% |